What Conspired My Friday

My friday morning started with a talk on community extension work, and the extension works done by Cebu State College of Science and Technology for the past few years since the previous SUC President mandated the inclusion of extension in the functions of the college.

After a few hours we ended the assembly and proceeded to the CAS department to check my present teaching load. Unfortunately, our chairman was unable to finish posting our loads, so my colleague  and I decided to visit our alma matter, the University of San Carlos.

When I was on the stairs, and on my way to the Psychology Department of the University of San Carlos, someone called me out, “Hi Miss!” When I turned around, it was my crush, who is at the same time one of my favorite teachers in the Psychology Department, Dr. Fredrick Boholst. And I was kind of “Hi sir, wa ko kabantai nimu” ("Hi sir, I didn't notice you" ). He smiled and went. Agoi! He made my day.  :)

Anyways, the purpose of my visit was to check what courses they offer for a Masters' degree, because I was thinking about pursuing my masters' degree while I am studying my Diploma in Professional Education, and at the same time teaching part time in Cebu State College of Science and Technology, which will soon be Cebu Technological University. However, my mother advised me to pursue my plan the next year because it would be a pressure on my part to be studying two courses at the same time. And on July, I will be taking my Civil Service Commission Board Examination for a government employee licensure.

When I came back to college, we had a research assembly. It was a very interesting talk since I love research, inspired by few of my previous research teachers and thesis consultants during my baccalaureate degree. Then there was a debate as to whether which is the best and most reliable research source, it is textbooks or journal articles. And there was also a question if a research title could be written in interrogative form, and if there is an existing published journal with an interrogative title.

And that's what conspired my day today.

Tomorrow is another day, and It's school day.

My Motivations

After having been asked as to my purpose of wanting to become a teacher, I never had an answer. It is more like a lifelong search as to my resolve. When I was little I never have thought, not even once in my life that I would become a teacher or that I wanna become a teacher.

Perhaps I was influenced by my teachers in the Psychology department and how I am so fond of them, especially Miss D,  GGG, Sir Gerry, Dr. Boholst and Dr. Mordeno.

Then we were talking about motivation yesterday in class. I realized that my motivations are internal rather than external. Every time I ask my self what it is that keeps me on going to my classes and I couldn't find of anything because I was thinking of external motivation which I probably do not have or that I am not aware of.

While listening to GGG's Golden Friendship, I am fantasizing about my psychology years, my friends, and teachers.

Spirituality and Psychology

Earlier I wrote a blog about a certain former seminarian classmate of mine who asked me why do I desire to be a teacher.

And during the next class we were like sharing our ideas in the middle of out Guidance and Counseling class discussion about psychology and how psychology is different from religion, and that spirituality is at all different from psychology. Another classmate who is 20 years older than I am and is an engineer also said the same about psychology. And so did my teacher who graduated bachelor in psychology about probably 20 years ago.

My engineer classmate says that psychology is only focused on the mind and does not tackle about spirituality. My commentaries are first of all, psychology deals not only with mental processes but also behavior. Secondly, psychology, just like education, takes into consideration the Psychomotor, Affective, and Cognitive aspects of an individual and of learning. Thirdly, spirituality is a form of a higher frequency of consciousness. And consciousness is just a part of the broader field of psychology. Somehow I can say that spirituality is related with psychology or that it is studied in the science of psychology. Laslty, there is a branch in psychology called Transpersonal psychology that studies self-transcendence and spiritual aspects of the human experiences.

The essence of spirituality is the search to know our true selves, to discover the real nature of consciousness. This quest has been the foundation of all the great spiritual teachings, and the goal of all the great mystics. (more)

• Abraham Maslow identifies peak experiences wherein people often have spiritual experiences. He calls this self-transcendence, which is beyond self-actualization or self-realization.


• Carl Gustav Jung calls this  process a person undergoes to wholiness the process of individuation.


• Eastern religions call this "Great Awakening" and/or "Enlightenment"


• In Carl Gustav Jung's Psyche and Symbol, he emphasized that the spirit is "the sum total of all phenomena of rational thought, or of the intellect, including the will, memory, imagination, creative power, and aspirations motivated by ideals."

While I was looking for research journals to find answers to the question initially raised, I stumbled upon this informative  interdiciplinary conversation (pdf) in a certain college wherein participants shared their own point of view about the connections and intersection between psychology and spirituality .

As a learner, I do want to stick with the linear thinking, rather do otherwise and try to find the answers through my own inquiry or read as much as possible until the mind's query is sufficed.

Change

Today is a very boring day. At the moment I'm supposed to watch BNTM but I'm gonna pass. I don't want to watch television today, and give my self some piece of solitude to reflect about me and things or people around me.

People are oftentimes highly resistant to change because we generally attend to information on the bases of our schemas, especially on our self schemas. In the process of our becoming whole, we tend to resist change. What and how we see our self may be a culprit to this resistance.

I am just reminded of the usual statement my friends from Kinse and other facilitators from the circle I am in. "I am I, you are you." The speaker's personal schema is on the bases of the "this is who I am, and that's who your are" is oftentimes abused by most people. This type of thinking may only do two things, helps the person to maturity or to the process of individuation or hinders the person. It hinders because it is either not understood well, or abused.

The statement is a very powerful statement, and I see and feel how beautiful it is. But a speaker and a believer as I am needs to remember and bear in mind all the time that I am responsible of my self and aware of the consequences of my actions. Other than that, if my goal is to reach full individuation or actualization as  Abraham Maslow termed it, responsibility is not enough.

Sometimes in order to be better, there are things I should change for the better and not for the worse. My mentor and friend, who is like a father to me, told me one time that I don't need to change. He spoke very powerful and strong words to me, and it made me cry and makes me cry even more when I remember it. I cried not because I hate what he said, but because I feel appreciated for who I am. And I will always remember that.

I don't need to change because others are telling me to. I don't need to change for others. If there would be something to change about me, it would be for my own benefits and not for others.

Change is existent. People change, the environment changes, matter changes, and almost anything in the world changes.

Video Game Addiction

Internet Addiction as pathological.

3rd Cebu Psychology Convention A Success!

Photo Copyright 2009

With the Theme "Towards Healing and Intervention: Venturing Into Positive Psychology", the 3rd Annual Cebu Psychology Convention, held at the Cebu Grand Convention Center on February 20, 2009 hit success!

Everything started with the registration, just as an activity should. Though I am not really sure as to how many number of students, teachers and professionals came to join us in the effort, I would have to say, we were many! Today's convention was even better than the last year.

The invocation was sung by Joan Malgapo, USC Chorister's Vice President (S.Y. 2008-2009), followed by a welcome address by Erik James Requina, USC Psychology Society President (S.Y. 2008-2009).

The first speaker was introduced by Tina Espiritu-Velez  MA, an Industrial Psychology professor of University of San Carlos and advider of Society of Young Managers and Personal Organization (SYMPO). Our first speaker Niel Steve Kintanar MA is a former professor of the Psychology Department of the University of San Carlos, now a professor in the Psychology Department of Ateneo de Manila University and De La Salle University. He talked about an introduction to Positive Psychology and traced its history and tackled Hope Psychology.

Our second speaker was introduced by Mary Daganzo, a faculty member of the University of San Carlos Psychology Department.  Fredrick Boholst PhD, is a former chairman of the Psychology Department of the University of San Carlos (S.Y. 2000-2004), and is a practicing Psychotherapist in Cebu. He is the editor of the Transactional Analysis Journal. He talked about The Psychology of Forgiveness.

After the talk, lunch was served, and Chiqui Cañete, winner of the Psych Idol 2009 serenaded the people with her sweet and melodious voice.

During the afternoon, the last speaker was introduced by Kenneth Lim, Vice President-Internal of the USC Psychology Society (S.Y. 2008-2009).  Maita Prochina, a practitioner of Human Resource Management for the past 18 years,  is currently the HRD manager of Wealth Development Bank. Her talk covered positive psychology in the HR setting.

The activity ended with USC Psychology Society's Executive Vice President Catherine Pepito's Closing Remarks.

And it was a wrap!

Many thanks to E-telecare Global Solutions for being the main sponsor for the activity. Many thanks for all those who attended, especially the psychology students from the University of San Jose-Recoletos, St. Theresa's College, Cebu Institute of Technology , and to the psychology students and faculty members of the University of San Carlos who came to participate in the activity, and many thanks to our guest speakers.

Lastly, the activity wouldn't be at all successful without our Organizing Committee:

Project Head: Erik James Requina

Committee Heads:

Finance - Camille Gonzaga

Marketing - Mona Eloisa Candelario

Secretariat - Joy Ivee Ong, Pamela Ko

Program - Bryony Paige Cabigas

Inter-School - Crystalyn Duran

Souvenir - Serge Luigi Kho

Logistics - Catherine Pepito

Registration - Yasmin Mariz Tormis

Speakers - Jeel Christine de Egurrola

Usher/Usherettes - Norraine Biado

and the rest of the working committee, thank you so much!

I have ESP!

[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="310" caption="extra sensory perception"][/caption]

It was funny how my friend and I simultaneously sang a song twice in different situations, without an identified stimulus that could have triggered the singing. I explained it on the bases of Carl Gustav Jung's collective unconscious, which is a part of the psyche that totally dffers from personal unconscious. I remember reading a book on ESP (Extra Sensory Perception) but I could not really remember the tittle of the book. It was written there that all of us have ESPs, which unconsciously manifest in our daily life. I can say that we all have experienced ESP but we really do not know that it is ESP and not some mere coincidence. An example I can point out is when a friend of mine called me on the phone after having thought about him prior to his call. This event did not happen only once but many times already. How can you possibly explain de javu? Though there are other theories on the existence of this phenomenon, I would stick to the Jungian explanation that our collective unconscious connects us with mankind, and this de javu is a manifestation of ESP, just as what has happened to me and my friend is.

Oh well, I just realized my ESP has been working all this time.

Inner Zombie Controls The Brain

The inner zombies we call our brain's unconscious part, which I am not aware as to where in the part of the brain where it is particularly located, or that is if this so called inner zombie does exist, is said to have control over our unconscious prejudices as a study done by Harvard University reported.

Could an Inner Zombie Be Controlling Your Brain? (Read Here...)

Posted using ShareThis

Caught Off Guard

[Copied from my  Multiply, posted Aug 18, '08 9:59 PM for everyone]

Bo Sanchez caught me off guard again!!!

Well, boredom sparked me off to find Bo Sanchez in my room.
(Not that he is in my room in person! LOL)

I found bunch of forgotten Kerygma magazines, issues from 2001 to 2006, pilling on my shelf. Bo Sanchez was once my favorite and still my favorite now. I never actually bought his books. Never! But I've pretty much read all of his books. Yeah, I spend time scanning and reading his books inside National Bookstore. So like I read them there! Yep, I don't give a damn about standing for hours reading, as long as I'm not alone in the endeavor. Yeah others are with me doing the same thing.

So I thought I never had his books until now. Gosh! I had one. Man how glad I am! It was given to me by a friend on my birthday. I must have forgotten. Yeah! Too bad I can't remember when was that or what year. Oh well, as boredom struck me, I read it and I could just remember how I actually reacted on the book.

Smitten! With a heavy blow on the face from my very own bare knuckle!

I'm inlove again with Bo's work like I have always been.

So here's my favorite part from the book. Love to share it with you guys.

From: How To Stop Blame And Find Your Personal Power

When I was in Indonesia, I rode an Elephant for the first time.

What an experience to be on top of that beautiful animal.
But here's what amazed me more: How could a 6-ton beast be held
captive by a flimsy rope tied to his foot? All he had to do was sneeze hard
enough and the rope would snap. But like a tiny puppy, the elephant would
just stay there.

Later, I found out why.

When the elephant was a tiny baby, that rope was strong enough to
hold him captive.

At the beginning, little jumbo pulled and pulled against the rope-but
all in vain. Finally, the baby elephant concluded that all effort was useless.
So even when he grew in size and power-and can now actually cut that
rope with a careless jerk of its foot-it won't. Why? Because the rope isn't tied
to its body.

The rope is tied to its mind.

This phenomenon is called "Learned Helplessness" and it doesn't only
happen to elephants. It also happens to human beings. After many failed
attempts, we give up. And we blame the rope for our misery.

Friend, what are the ropes in your life?

Remember: It's not tied to your body. It's tied to your mind. So you
can't untie it in reality without untying it in your mind first.
You can do that only through the opposite of Learned Helplessness...

LEARNED POWER!

I'm just reminded of the time when I thought that I could never face my fear, which was my trauma for almost 11 years.
I wasn't tied to any rope at all but tied to my mind.

I'm just glad there was one person who had helped me on realizing what learned power is. I owe him a lot. He is my teacher, my second father, my friend, and my idol!
Woooo..enough praises.
He's just ordinary man but with extraordinary heart.
A very holistic peron. That's what he is.

Thanks a lot.
You know who you are!

Is The Quest For Knowledge An Opiate?

Photo Taken from Ducatirider

So I've seen a video entitled "Dangerous knowledge" from a fellow Multiplier. It was about a great mathematician who became insane on his quest for knowledge about the mystery of Infinity.

The question is:
Is knowledge at some point dangerous?

Could it be that It isn't at all knowledge but knowledge at its utmost point of inquiry or knowledge at its extreme point of mystery about to be found fierce to the point of bringing his inquirer to the madness of insanity?or to the realm of skepticism and doubt?

If Plato believed in the Theory of Recollection, could it be likely that recollection of what was perfect, which our unembodied spirit lived with very hard to do?

Is the craving for truth addictive that at some point leaves a person not to stop from acquiring it? That at some point transforms the believer to disbelief, doubt, and skepticism?

What about this so called "linear line of thinking" which the modern world has muchly accepted, while the initial instinctual thinking has been long time ago placed into the foulness of oblivion. Does it lead us to madness? Could it be the culprit of ADHD, Anti-Social behavior, Autism, Depression, Addiction and the like?

Living In A Horrible Society

photo taken from Angelspit

CRIME AND POVERTY..

A LAW EACH DAY (Keeps Trouble Away)

By Jose C. Sison

Friday, June 13, 2008

(more...)

Crimes committed due to extreme want or hunger or for purely economic reasons are usually those crimes against property like stealing and other fraudulent schemes to obtain somebody else's belongings and resources. The most common examples of this kind of crimes are the pickpockets or bag or cell phone snatchers and illegal recruiters. (READ MORE..)

The question is:

WHAT HORRIBLE CIRCUMSTANCES CAUSED HIM TO DO THIS HORRIBLE ACTS?

The answers are:

1. Every individual exist in a continually changing world of experiences of which he is the center.

2. The organism reacts to the field as it is experienced and perceived. This perceptual field is, for the individual "REALITY"

3. The organism reacts as an organized whole to this phenomenal field.

4. The organism has basic tendency for and striving -- to actualize, MAINTAIN and enhance the experiencing organism.

5. The behavior is basically goal-directed attempt to the organism to satisfy its needs as experienced, in the field are perceived.

BUT!

6. Human beings have choices and are responsible for the acts committed.

With Great Freedom Comes Great Responsibility

photo taken from Angelspit


I don't care what you do as long as you do it. Do it to your best and make it happen. Don't worry about what else thinks. Just do your thing. Your art will most likely appeal to people you haven't met..and that's really exciting. Turn the introjections off. And come out from your shell. Life is too short.

Do it with responsibility because with Great Freedom comes Great Responsibility. Do it and be ready for the consequences of you actions.

There was once a boy who kept on obeying his mother, to the extent to losing his self. He does things that he is asked to do even though he does it without happiness. Until there came a time when he finally burst to realization to get his life back. One day his mother asked him to do something for her. His mother was shocked with the son's reply. "No mother. I've been doing anything you say without even asking me if I want to do it. I do things for you and do nothing for me. It's about time I get my life back." He said it with courage.

The mother replied, "Did you ever thought about the consequences of your actions son? For this I will punish you!"

He replied. "I am ready." He never felt so happy his entire life until then.

That is what I meant by "With Great Freedom comes Great Responsibility.

**********************************

hbrbg...

[Blog entry is copy pasted from my previous blogsite, posted Aug. 26, 2008]

jeelchristine's Johari Window!

Glamfambulous! I was searching for Johari Window lectures for no reason at all, until I bumped into this cool site, where you can view your public self, private self, hidden, and the unknown self. You should check this out and create your own interactive Johari Window ...and don't forget to sign in mine..hehe..thanks CLICK HERE

here is the latest update

Arena (known to self and others) accepting, calm, cheerful, friendly, happy	Blind Spot (known only to others) caring, clever, confident, dependable, helpful, idealistic, independent, intelligent, kind, knowledgeable, logical, mature, modest, observant, powerful, quiet, reflective, relaxed, religious, responsive, searching, sensible, silly, spontaneous, trustworthy, warm, wise
Façade (known only to self)	Unknown (known to nobody) able, adaptable, bold, brave, complex, dignified, energetic, extroverted, giving, ingenious, introverted, loving, nervous, organised, patient, proud, self-assertive, self-conscious, sentimental, shy, sympathetic, tense, witty

All Percentages

able (0%) accepting (10%) adaptable (0%) bold (0%) brave (0%) calm (10%) caring (10%) cheerful (30%) clever (10%) complex (0%) confident (10%) dependable (20%) dignified (0%) energetic (0%) extroverted (0%) friendly (30%) giving (0%) happy (20%) helpful (10%) idealistic (20%) independent (20%) ingenious (0%) intelligent (20%) introverted (0%) kind (30%) knowledgeable (20%) logical (10%) loving (0%) mature (10%) modest (20%) nervous (0%) observant (10%) organised (0%) patient (0%) powerful (10%) proud (0%) quiet (10%) reflective (20%) relaxed (10%) religious (30%) responsive (10%) searching (10%) self-assertive (0%) self-conscious (0%) sensible (10%) sentimental (0%) shy (0%) silly (10%) spontaneous (20%) sympathetic (0%) tense (0%) trustworthy (20%) warm (30%) wise (10%) witty (0%)

Created by the Interactive Johari Window on 23.1.2009, using data from 10 respondents.
You can make your own Johari Window, or view jeelchristine's full data.

I'm hoping for more... :)

Carl Gustav Jung's Dream

Hey guys! Before I’ll start with Jung’s dream I’d like to tell you that he is my favorite Psychologist. I’ve read about his works when I was still at the moment of my decision making of what course I might take for college. Indeed his works influenced me to pursue psychology, and that’s why I’m here in its grasp. Anyways, Jung’s interest somewhat paralleled to mine. Jung is the only psychologist who first considered hope in his works though he never emphasized it. Moreover, according to Victor Von Weizsaecker, it was Jung who first understood that psychoanalysis belonged within the domain of religion. That his theories compose the view on God as part of the Collective Unconscious and thereby present anybody’s psyche. He also emphasized that the process of integration is a state whereby anybody would want to reach. Thus wholeness is the everybody’s goal. Jung first got his idea on the collective unconscious when he had a dream, which Freud interpreted, and that which he disagreed. This occurred when Freud and Jung were both invited to lecture at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts .and for seven weeks, they spent talking and processing each other’s dreams.

Quoted under is Jung’s dream:

“He dreamt that he was on the top floor of an old house, well furnished and with fine paintings on the walls. He marvelled that this should be his house and thought 'Not bad!' But then it occurred to him that he had no idea what the lower floor was like, so he went down to see. There everything was much older. The furnishings were medieval and everything was rather dark. He thought, 'Now I really must explore the whole house.' He looked closely at the floor. It was made of stone slabs, and in one of these he discovered a ring. When he pulled it, the slab lifted, and he saw some narrow stone steps leading down into the depths. He went down and entered a low cave cut out of the rock. Bones and broken pottery were scattered about in the dust, the remains of a primitive culture, and he found two human skulls, obviously very old and half-disintegrated. Then he awoke-----”

To Jung, the house was an image of the Psyche. The top floor he called the conscious personality, whereas the lower floor he called the personal unconscious, while the deepest and darkest level he called the collective unconscious.

Wow! Amazing interpretation!

Blindness....Our Relapse?

We are all blind
We see that in human plan
Nothing is worth the making
Unless it makes these cities glorious
If man unbuild goes
In vain we build the work
Unless the builder also grows

--Edwin Markham
Yes, society has been growing and progressing each hour of each day. People are learning within each tiny bit of a second; and within a minute, values and linear thinkings are introjected to our minds. At the course of evolution mankind was able to build the society we have now, and each structure man builds takes his precious time, spending his hours to construction sites, others to offices, school, and other institutions. The question is: Have we taken the instinct of living out of human behavior and totally relapsed it with a new brand of thinking that the human mind is not branded for?----If this new kind of thinking regresses us to stagnation instead of our personal growth? Bottom line is, man's intelligence has forgotten the human instinctual thought and human affect. Yes, people are so intelligent but they lack the emotion and the human instinctual cognition that would help them to psychological growth together with the growth of society.

Blindness is our relapse and awareness is our salvation.

Self-awareness is the key; and the rest will follow.

Cheers!

[This blog entry is copied from my previous blogsite.]

The Irony Of Moving On

Have we truly understood what it means?

Okay some person just aroused my thoughts when he told me that he has moved on. Its not that I don't believe him or anything. I cannot judge him for I am not he nor can I tell him that he lies, for I am not a Sorcerers who knows when someone is lying.

It's not that I don't have trust in people nowadays, but I just don't like the statement "I have moved on" or "naka move on nako." I'm not even sure what it means. What I am certain about is that when a person says, "I have moved on.", he is only trying to believe what he wants to believe. It's not that people are bunch of liars but sometimes they just want to believe what they want to believe. I know because I have said a million times that I have moved on because that is what I chose to believe. I cannot blame people nor can I blame my self, for sometimes we become blinded from our words, because of our thoughts. And sometimes, we are not really as keen to ourselves as we are when it comes to other poeple. Now I ask everyone, have we truly understood what introspection really is. Or have we fully practiced and mastered introspection as anyone in Wilhelm Wundt's experiments would? I doubt if I have.

But I am certain that there are a few who understand what introspection is. At least there are.

One cannot fully proclaim as he wishes when he himself does not fully comprehend what moving on means. And that he can only know when he has finally seen the truth though and within himself. Only can he declare that he has finally and truly moved on.

[This blog entry is copied from my previous blogsite.]

Forgive But Never Forget

They say that its easy to forgive but its harder to forget. Yes, I'm afraid I have to agree with it. Some so called "inspirational" or "self-help" books or whatever you might want to call them would suggest that its better to forgive and forget! (No offense, I read inspirational books a lot.) I just find it rather alarming. What does forgetting mean? Dismiss from the mind or stop remembering. Is that what it means? Dismissing could mean forcing out, or brushing aside, pushing aside, ignoring, discounting, suppressing.. Uh-huh! It's not easy to forget that it is why its never an option for me to forget. It's like nothing happened at all when for a matter of fact it did happen.

The mind has its natural way of defense, and the more the mind uses it into every situation, the more insanity can be acquired. Let's take into consideration forcing the self to forget, especially from a very strong and painful or from a traumatic experience. Since the memory is too painfully consuming causing poison to the person's emotional stability, the mind uses the natural defense mechanism to ease away the hurt and the impregnable memory, resulting in a temporary alleviation of the discomfort. Like I said, only temporary. As long as the person keeps on using these defences, or exaggerated use may result in an generation of increasing distress, and the more is the distress, the more intensified the defense mechanism becomes. Consequently exposing the self to the vulnearablity to insanity or abnormality. How do you think dissociative disorders, psychosis, eating disorders and other disability or dysfunction occur?

Well..bottom line is the brain is so powerful, can even be powerful than the other organs of the body. Physiologically speaking, it is the brain that controls every impulse happening inside the body. With the mind's power, it does two things to us; it can both help us and break us.

So why would I have to be in the state of oblivion when I can be free with remembering all my past painful experiences. Remember experience is the best teacher, regardless of the intensity of the emotion that coexist with it.

Cheers!

[This blog is copied from my previous blog site]

On Leahy's

Ph.D. in Psychology

According to Thomas H. Leahey, the traditional history of science was written by scientist themselves that resulted in smug and self-satisfied works, which made them biased in a certain extent that they only considered accounts in the development of science that they want to reckon. However, historians have written history on a different framework, seeing history of science as a weak human enterprise unresolvable from the rest of human history, imposing fear among scientist that this nontraditional perception on the history of science may influence their students to undermine their faith in science.

Despite the development of the History of Psychology, it is evident that much of psychology’s past have been ignore such that chapters on the books on History of Psychology provide no sense of the past and of what is like to be a psychologist, a physiologist or a philosopher before. Thus rationalizes Topics in History of Psychology is history without the past; also justifying Ebbinghaus’ famous line that “Psychology has a very short history, but with a long past.”

Even scholars or psychologist are historically ignorant about studying the field without even considering events happening outside the field that could have been significant in the study of psychology. In addition, they are shallow in a sense that even they who write about the History of Psychology commit mistakes, lacking depth of intellect or knowledge and concerned only with what is obvious resulting in many errors that new psychology historians have corrected and repeatedly written. Therefore justifying why we only have few references, whereas other books have become obsolete and others were never used.

In Leahey's article, mistakes on the study Psychology were emphasized, including how psychology historians or scholars place value judgments to the extent of writing one’s own perspective rather than putting focus on different perspective. For instance, Edwin G. Boring’s first textbook was not only published as reference book but also has a deeper motive, which is to be used as a defense weapon against John B. Watson’s growing Behaviorism.

Psychology historians have no respect for the value of the past not realizing that everything in the past influences the present; that the past plays an important role in the development of the theories in psychology that we have right now. This is what they consider as Whig and can be linked with the presentist point of view—looking at history from the present perspectives and ideas as a product of the present. There is also an issue on internalism, whereby historians tend to have studied what was happening within the field without regards to what developments other fields have that could contribute to the development in the theories of psychology. In addition, psychology historians associate history with great men and undermining women, because women before have no stand or place in society, which is really discriminating. Furthermore, History of Psychology was represented by only few personalities whereas other great minds were ignored; thus, psychology historians focus on individuals rather than works. Lastly, they are ignorant and shallow that they only have limited view on the study as a result on the mistakes presented above.

As a psychology student, I would have to say that its disappointing that even scholars of the very own field that I am studying now are ignorant, that I also see myself like them. The fact that I have not known much and that I only remember few names and dates make me want to know more about psychology. And as mush as possible I would not want to commit same mistakes that those psychology scholars have committed in the study of the History of Psychology.

On Scientific Paradigm

the creation of science

Okay, I'm a bit inspired by Khun. LOL
After nights of reading the book, it was worthwhile thiough I havent finished it.

Thomas S. Khun emphasized in his book “The Structure of Scientific Revolution” that a scientific community practices in reference to a set or rather sets of learned beliefs from accepted achievements or assumptions. And these beliefs become the foundation for learning and application. Paradigms are assumptions that contribute to the development of Normal Science, a research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements that some particular scientific community recognizes for the further research and practice, before a change or shift in paradigm occurs. These paradigms are being studied by students in order to gain membership to a certain scientific community. Basically the knowledge is being passed on to the students from their mentors, which may oftentimes lead to disagreement to basic principles due to student’s critical mindset or rather due to questions and inquiries formulated by them. However, researchers of the paradigm most often than not based their inquiries from the shared paradigm, and are committed to the rules and standards for the application of the certain paradigmic principles.

A paradigm is said to be of success and of having full potential to be of interest to scientists and scholars when it is a novelty rather a succeedent set of fundamentals based on another paradigm as a result of anomaly. From competition with a pre-paradigmic school, a paradigm emerges, especially when it seems to explain all facts which it was confronted with. Consequently pre-paradigms whose proponents never found their way out of the dilemma that they have been faced with, certainly entirely fades. This growing paradigm like an infant undergoes a process of development and within its development the more advocates it possesses, the greater is the probability for its strength to generate.

At its beginning a paradigm is limited in its scope and in precision, that is why mop-operations are relevant; and by which most researchers spend much of their time doing mopping. Thus, proceeding to more inquiries, and paradigm-based researching that “attempts to force nature into a pre-formed and relatively inflexible box that the paradigm supplies.” Anomalies usually happen but nobody seemed to have made effort to look for  anomalies since they are resticted and for those who tried to mostly were not tolerated. Sometimes the disadvantage of forcing nature to a box leads the paradigm to not function well that caused it to cease.

Researching, hence, is like solving puzzle that already has a fixed solution, thus discovering what was already known in advance. And when the result of what has already been anticipate (hypothesis) becomes null, and thereby, considered a failure. Because of the novel studies weren’t tolerated to compete with present beliefs, unexpected result in science happened.

A change in paradigm takes place as a result from discovery brought about by encounters with anomaly. And although Normal Science does not tolerate novelties, they are nonetheless challenged to pursue the belief, which would later on cause them to arise. Anomaly also excites the emergence of a change in an existing paradigm. This emergence occurs when a puzzle is being figured out. These failures are said to have been brought about by disparity and error between the new theory and the present fact.

The scientific revolution can be possible only if a novel theory is substituted to a present paradigm which occurring discrepancies doesn’t have a solution, thereby a failure, resulting in the denunciation of  the proponent for his disability to put the pieces of the puzzle back. And a paradigm shift, on the other hand is not considered a scientific revolution since it only based its inquiries on a particular paradigm. The assimilation of the new paradigm must be demanded them and the old paradigm be rejected. This is what scientific revolution means.

Indeed, progress in the fields of research and science became possible because of the structure of the past scientific methods and of course because of scientific revolution. Although there were lots of biases in the past, they became the tools for the development of science.

Cat Language and Behaviour

cat rolling on the grass

Language

In communicating among themselves, cats are very adept. They recognize each other by odors and if they’re already become friends, they greet each other by rubbing each other’s noses, or they smell each other’s head and anal area. If they get along well, they rub against each other, marking the coats with their odors. That is also why cats rub on their owners.
Cats don’t posses vast vocabulary, yet their vocabulary is greater than that of dogs. They  produce sounds. Theodore Hoffmann once mentioned in his work “The Cat Murr” that “cat has the incredible gift of expressing the one word ‘meow’ in many ways---joy, pain, delight, abduction, fear, depression, in sum, all sensations and passions.” Cats born and raised in a home progress on individual character that they put into action. Therefore, it shows that cats can modify their behavior according to their present environment. When it enjoys its owner’s companionship, it shows its sincere affection.
A cat expresses itself with a meow, but within this sound shows many feelings like love, joy, anger, fear, pain, affection, depression, and many to mention, depending on the cat’s present situation or condition. Cats make over 100 different vocal sounds while dogs can only make 10. Since cats have greater vocabulary than dogs…they emit more than fifty different sounds during meeting. This sounds would vary in tone from harsh to acute. Cats posses a sweet sound, the purr, which is used to express joy, and affection. Some cats also purr when ill. The cat’s body language is expressed with more than sixty movement, such as tilting the head, the position of the tails and ears, and facial expression.
Tails are probably one of the best communication indicators that cats have. When the tail is arched and puffed out or bristled, the cat is  scared or  fearful and is ready  to attack or defends itself. When the tail is straight up in the air and fully puffed out or bristled, your cat is angry and is ready to attack. When the tail is straight up in the air and quivering a bit, the cat is ready to urinate in order to mark a territory. However, if the cat is neutered, without spraying urine, it is the cat’s way of saying hi. When the tail is straight up and unmoving, it’s a mother’s way of telling her kittens that she will inspect her hind. When the tail is straight up but the tip is tilted to one side, the cat is very interested to something and is happy and friendly. When the cat’s tail is straight up or just slightly raised and curved like a question mark, the cat is very excited and interested in something. When the tail is curved down and then back up again near the tip, the cat is relaxed and content. When the tail is still yet quivering or twitching, the cat is slightly irritated. When the tail is swishing from one side to side rapidly or violently, the cat is about to attack something, this, however can be seen during fights. When the tail is held to one side, the cat is giving a sexual invitation. When the tail is held low and puffed out or bristled, your cat is intensely afraid. Lastly, when the tail is held low and tucked between the hind legs, your cat is showing his submission or defeat.

Ears can also be used as communication indicators. When the ears are pointing forward and slightly outward, the cat is relaxed. When the ears are very straight and forward, your cat is listening to something that is exciting. When the ears are twitching nervously, the cat is nervous. When the ears are flat against the head, the cat is afraid and may attack. When ear are at the back or in between alert and defensive position, the cat is aggressive and may attack.

Cat’s eyes could be another communication indicator, particularly the pupils. Cat’s pupil change. This is because of the amount of light  in a certain room. However, if your cat becomes provoking, and enthusiastic and annoyed or irritated, his pupils will enlarge regardless of the amount of light in the room. When the eyes are wide open, the cat is awake and is ready to go. When the eyes are wide open with a little sparkle, the cat is feeling a little ill-behaved. When the eyes are half closed, the cat is relaxed and ready for the nap. However, this can also mean that the cat is ill. When the eyes are closed, the cat is obviously napping! When the eyes are blinking, especially in a slow matter, it means that the feline is satisfied.

Other behaviors like rolling its back and exposing the belly means that the cat trusts you that it is exposing the most vulnerable part of the body. When a cat kneads at his mommy, it is showing affection, thus when a cat kneads at it owner, it can   only mean one thing. It is showing affection. A cat snores when it is asleep. One-way of saying hello is through sniffing the owner’s faces.

Play Behaviors
Cats are freedom-loving creatures. They love playing, thus, toys should be provided. Among the prescribed toys are as follows: lightweight balls, wadded paper tied to the end of a string and some other stuff that make some noise. Boxes, paper bags, and dollhouses to crawl into are good examples. Other toys are also approved like ping-pong balls, golf balls, and tennis balls, left over wrapping papers. But if you want safe toys, chose one well-made toys that wont break during cat attacks. Remove tied-on bells, plastic eyes, button noses, and dangling strings that the cat could tear. Small items are definitely not allowed to avoid it from being swallowed. Strings, yarns, feathers, and the like are definitely a no-no!

A catnip is a cat stimulant, thus not to be used more often. However, a catnip is used to scent cat toys. When a cat smells the catnip, it acts like a drunk creature, rub its face to the toy, roll, and kick the object, and etc. the substance in it is the nepetalactone. The herb is not  addictive or harmful, thus, it is safe. Yet some cats do not care when exposed to the scent because some cats lack genes.

Growling and hissing means one thing—the cat means business and wants his privacy or else some cats will not hesitate to attack.

Territorial Marking Behaviors

Cats display such aggressive behaviors such as scratching and biting, spraying and rubbing. These are, however, some reasons why cat owners complain. Rubbing is one way of marking objects in their environment because cats are territorial animals. Cats defend its territory against foreign animals, even other cats. When rubbing, they leave odors that proved that he was the  first  one to  reside   in the  area.  Rubbing  against the  owners  legs is  more   than  showing affection, it rubs scent on the legs to show and mark that he is the owner of the cat. Or a cat may say “You are a part of my territory now. I own You!”

For the same reason, a cat sprays urine, territorialism. There are two kinds of getting urine out of the body. One of which, the cat squats that would show the elimination of urine. But when a cat sprays, it stands. The tail quivers as it sprays urine to mark walls. However, when a cat is spayed or neutered, the characteristics of the urine vanish. Clawing or Scratching doesn’t mean that the cat is misbehaving. It is still a territorial marking behavior. It also secrets scent from its paws and at the same time making the claws sharp. Since the claws are used for defense against enemies, it should be trimmed and sharpened. Other cats, however, do the behavior  in trees. That is why scratching posts are necessary for indoor cats. You an also have an alternative climbing scratching post.